Model Predictive Control of Impedance Source Inverter for Photovoltaic Applications

A model predictive controlled power electronics interface (PEI) based on impedance source inverter for photovoltaic (PV) applications is proposed in this disssertation. The proposed system has the capability of operation in both grid-connected and islanded mode. Firstly, a model predictive based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method is proposed for PV applications based on single stage grid-connected Z-source inverter (ZSI). This technique predicts the future behavior of the PV side voltage and current using a digital observer that estimates the parameters of the PV module. Therefore, by predicting a priori the behavior of the PV module and its corresponding effects on the system, it improves the control efficacy. The proposed method adaptively updates the perturbation size in the PV voltage using the predicted model of the system to reduce oscillations and increase convergence speed. The experimental results demonstrate fast dynamic response to changes in solar irradiance level, small oscillations around maximum power point at steady-state, and high MPPT effectiveness from low to high solar irradiance level. The second part of this work focuses on the dual-mode operation of the proposed PEI based on ZSI with capability to operate in islanded and grid-connected mode. The transition from islanded to grid-connected mode and vice versa can cause significant deviation in voltage and current due to mismatch in phase, frequency, and amplitude of voltages. The proposed controller using MPC offers seamless transition between the two modes of operations. The main predictive controller objectives are decoupled power control in grid-connected mode and load voltage regulation in islanded mode. The proposed direct decoupled active and reactive power control in grid connected mode enables the dual-mode ZSI to behave as a power conditioning unit for ancillary services such as reactive power compensation. The proposed controller features simplicity, seamless transition between modes of operations, fast dynamic response, and small tracking error in steady state condition of controller objectives. The operation of the proposed system is verified experimentally. The final part of this dissertation focuses on the low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability of the proposed PV systems during grid faults such as voltage sag. In normal grid condition mode, the maximum available power from the PV panels is injected into the grid. In this mode, the system can provide reactive power compensation as a power conditioning unit for ancillary services from DG systems to main ac grid. In case of grid faults, the proposed system changes the behavior of reactive power injection into the grid for LVRT operation according to the grid requirements. Thus, the proposed controller for ZSI is taking into account both the power quality issues and reactive power injection under abnormal grid conditions

HYDRAULIC WIND POWER DROOP ANALYSIS

poster abstractThe power transferred from the wind turbine to the generator is im-portant to keep the systems active, power balance and droop frequency con-trol when connected to a network. This is important to ensure maximum power output obtained from wind velocity. When there is a change present in the real power demand at a point in the network, it is reflected throughout the system by fluctuation in frequency. If a drop in frequency occurs the generator will decelerate at a rate determined by the moment of inertia plus all the masses connected to its shaft. This results in the conversion of kinet-ic energy of the generator to electrical energy thus giving a power surge. If there is an increase in the system frequency, the inverse is true. Hydraulic wind power provides opportunities for multiple wind turbine energy collection and central generation. The system has many benefits over direct driver counterparts including simple structure and opportunities for energy storage units. However, as the system relies on hydraulic connection of wind turbine and generators, it exhibits a nonlinear power and speed characteristics. This poster will analyze the effect of increasing the hydraulic wind turbines on the droop characteristics of the system. Several wind speeds and loading conditions have determined that adding wind turbines to the hydraulic energy transfer system will increase the frequency stability of the system. Some of the hydraulic prime mover characteristics will be identi-fied through experimental results from our prototype in Dr. Izadian’s labora-tory. This research was supported by IUPUI Solution Center

Energy Conversion Unit with Optimized Waveform Generation

poster abstractThe ever-increasing demand for electrical energy has put pressure on identifying and implementing ways to increase the efficiency of the devices dealing with energy conversion. The power supplies devices able to generate ac voltage from dc one is crucial in automotive and computing industries. Different technologies have been developed to implement power supplies with higher efficiency, such as multilevel and interleaved converters. This paper proposes an energy conversion unit constituted by a single-phase DC-AC converter with five levels at the output converter side. The proposed converter has an optimized relationship between the numbers of levels per number of switches (nL/nS). The proposed five-level four-switch converter has nL/nS=5/4, which is by far the best relationship among the converters proposed in the technical literature. The most important characteristics of the proposed configuration are: (i) reduced number of semiconductor devices, while keeping the high number of levels at the output converter side, (ii) only one DC source without any need to balance capacitor voltages, and (iii) high efficiency. Details regarding the operation of the configuration and modulation strategy are presented, as well as the comparison between the proposed converter and the conventional ones. Simulated results are presented to validate the theoretical expectations

Energy conversion unit with optimized waveform generation

The substantial increase demand for electrical energy requires high efficient apparatus dealing with energy conversion. Several technologies have been suggested to implement power supplies with higher efficiency, such as multilevel and interleaved converters. This thesis proposes an energy conversion unit with an optimized number of output voltage levels per number of switches ( nL/nS). The proposed five-level four-switch per phase converter has nL/nS = 5/4 which is by far the best relationship among the converters presented in technical literature. A comprehensive literature review on existing five-level converter topologies is done to compare the proposed topology with conventional multilevel converters. The most important characteristics of the proposed configuration are: (i) reduced number of semiconductor devices, while keeping a high number of levels at the output converter side, (ii) only one DC source without any need to balance capacitor voltages, (iii) high efficiency, (iv) there is no dead-time requirement for the converters operation, (v) leg isolation procedure with lower stress for the DC-link capacitor. Single-phase and three-phase version of the proposed converter is presented in this thesis. Details regarding the operation of the configuration and modulation strategy are presented, as well as the comparison between the proposed converter and the conventional ones. Simulated results are presented to validate the theoretical expectations. In addition a fault tolerant converter based on proposed topology for micro-grid systems is presented. A hybrid pulse-width-modulation for the pre-fault operation and transition from the pre-fault to post-fault operation will be discussed. Selected steady-state and transient results are demonstrated to validate the theoretical modeling